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1535 Jacques Cartier
discovers the Iroquois city of Stadacona, Canada (now Quebec
) and in May, the even greater Huron city of Hochelaga.
1578 Martin Frobisher
sails from Harwich, England
to Frobisher Bay, Canada, eventually to mine fool's gold, used to pave streets in London
.
1603 Samuel de Champlain
, French explorer, sails to Canada
1670 The Hudson's Bay Company is founded in England
, but located in Canada.
1733 Right of Canadians
to keep Indian slaves
upheld at Quebec
.
1759 Seven Years' War
(French and Indian War
): In Canada, British forces capture Fort Niagara from French, who subsequently abandon Fort Rouillé.
1760 Great Upheaval: New England planters arrive to claim land in Nova Scotia
Canada taken from the Acadians.
1763 French and Indian War
: The 1763 Treaty of Paris ends the war and France
cedes Canada to Great Britain
.
1764 The English-language ''Quebec Gazette'' is established in Quebec City
, Quebec
, Canada. As of 2005, it is the oldest surviving newspaper
in North America
.
1775 American Revolutionary War: The Continental Congress
bans trade with Canada.
1783 United Empire Loyalists flee to Canada from the new United States
.
1783 Saint John, New Brunswick
, Canada - First United Empire Loyalists reach Parrtown.
1783 Grants of land in Canada to American loyalists
announced.
1785 University of New Brunswick founded in Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada
1799 The small town of Tignish, PE, Canada is founded.
1812 Americans
invade Canada at Windsor, Ontario.
1812 War of 1812
: Battle of Queenston Heights - As part of the Niagara campaign in Ontario, Canada, United States
forces under General
Stephen Van Rensselaer are repulsed from invading Canada by British
and native troops led by Sir Isaac Brock
(although he dies during the battle).
1813 War of 1812
: In Canada, United States
forces capture Fort George.
1814 War of 1812
: Battle of Lundy's Lane - Reinforcements arrive near Niagara Falls, Ontario for General
Riall's British
and Canadian
force, and bloody, all-night battle with Jacob Brown
's American
s commences at 18.00; Americans retreat to Fort Erie.
1816 The Battle of Seven Oaks is fought in the Red River Colony of Canada.
1816 Battle of Seven Oaks between Hudson Bay and Northwest fur-trading companies, near Winnipeg, Manitoba
, Canada
1834 Vice-Admiral Sir Richard Goodwin Keats Governor of Newfoundland
, Canada. (b. 1757)
1840 Mount Allison University is founded in Sackville, New Brunswick, Canada.
1844 First ever international cricket
match is played in New York City
between Canada and the United States
.
1846 The Oregon Treaty establishes the 49th parallel as the border between the United States
and Canada, from the Rocky Mountains
to the Strait of Juan de Fuca.
1857 Queen Victoria
chooses Ottawa, Ontario as the capital of Canada.
1867 The British North America Act receives royal assent, forming the Dominion of Canada in an event known as Confederation
. This unites the Province of Canada, Quebec
, Ontario
, New Brunswick
, and Nova Scotia
as of July 1. Ottawa
becomes the capital, and John A. Macdonald
becomes the Dominion's first prime minister
.
1870 The Canadian
province of Manitoba
is created in response to Louis Riel
's Red River Rebellion
1871 British Columbia
joins the confederation of Canada.
1871 The Royal Regiment of Artillery formed the first regular Canadian
army units when they created two batteries of garrison artillery
which eventually became The Royal Canadian Artillery.
1872 Trade union
s legalised in Canada.
1873 The Canadian
Parliament establishes the North West Mounted Police (which will be renamed the Royal Canadian Mounted Police in 1920).
1873 Alexander Mackenzie becomes Canada's second prime minister
.
1876 An giant squid, 6.1 meters long, washes ashore in Thimble Tickle Bay in Canada
1877 Indian Wars
: Sitting Bull
leads his band of Lakota
into Canada to avoid harassment by the United States Army
under Colonel Nelson Miles.
1880 First performance of ''O Canada'', the song that would become the national anthem
of Canada.
1880 First woman licensed to practice medicine in Canada - Dr. Emily Howard Stowe.
1883 US
and Canadian
railroads institute five standard continental time zones, ending the confusion of thousands of local times.
1885 North-West Rebellion took place and was put down in Canada.
1885 Cree and Assiniboine warriors won the Battle of Cut Knife, their largest victory over Canadian
forces during the North-West Rebellion.
1885 Canadian Pacific Railway finished - Finally: In Craigellachie, British Columbia, construction ends on a railway extending across Canada. Prime Minister Sir John A. Macdonald considered the project to be vital to Canada due to the exponentially greater potential for military mobility.
1885 Canadian Pacific Railway finished - Finally: In Craigellachie, British Columbia, construction ends on a railway extending across Canada. Prime Minister Sir John A. Macdonald considered the project to be vital to Canada due to the exponentially greater potential for military mobility.
1885 Canadian
rebel leader of the Métis, Louis Riel
is executed for high treason
.
1887 The Rocky Mountains Park Act becomes law in Canada, creating that nation's first national park
, Banff National Park.
1891 John Abbott becomes Canada's third prime minister
.
1892 John Thompson becomes Canada's fourth prime minister
.
1894 Mackenzie Bowell becomes Canada's fifth prime minister
.
1896 Wilfrid Laurier
becomes Canada's seventh prime minister
.
1897 First ascent of Mount Saint Elias, second highest peak in the United States
and Canada.
1901 The 1,282 foot (390 meters) covered bridge crossing the St.John River at Hartland, New Brunswick
, Canada opens. It is the longest covered bridge in the world.
1901 Guglielmo Marconi
receives the first trans-Atlantic
radio
signal in Newfoundland
, Canada; it is Morse code for the letter "S."
1905 The Canadian
province of Alberta
is established from the southwestern part of the Northwest Territories
.
1905 The Canadian
province of Saskatchewan is established
1905 The Province of Alberta
, Canada holds its 1st General Election.
1908 The University of Alberta is founded in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
1909 Leon's, a Canadian
furniture chain is first opened.
1909 The Silver Dart makes the first powered flight in Canada and the British Empire
.
1911 In Canada, the Dominion Parks Branch was established (now Parks Canada), the world's first national park servi In 1911 it fell under the Department of the Interior, and now resides within the Department of the Environment.
1911 Robert Laird Borden becomes Canada's eighth prime minister
.
1916 Parliament buildings in Ottawa
, Canada are burned down.
1917 Sir
Thomas Whyte introduces the first income tax
in Canada as a "temporary" measure (lowest bracket is 4% and highest is 25%).
1917 In Montreal
, Canada, the National Hockey Association breaks up (on November 26 it was replaced with the National Hockey League
).
1918 August 8 — World War I: Battle of Amiens — Canadian
troops, backed by Australia
ns, begin a string of almost continuous victories with a push through the German front lines. German General Erich Ludendorff
will later call this the "black day of the German army."
1920 Arthur Meighen
becomes Canada's ninth prime minister
.
1921 William Lyon Mackenzie King
becomes Canada's tenth prime minister
.
1928 The Great Gorge and International Railway
switches to one-man crews for its trolleys in Canada.
1929 Canada and the United States
agree on a plan to preserve Niagara Falls
.
1929 1929 Grand Banks earthquake: Off the south coast of Newfoundland
in the Atlantic Ocean
, a Richter magnitude 7.2 submarine earthquake
centered on Grand Banks, breaks 12 submarine transatlantic telegraph cables and triggers a tsunami
that destroys many south coast communities in the Burin Peninsula area, killing 28. As of 1997, it is Canada's most lethal earthquake.
1930 Richard Bedford Bennett becomes Canada's eleventh prime minister
.
1936 The Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC) begins radio
in Canada.
1937 Highest recorded temperature in Canada, at Yellow Grass, Saskatchewan: 45°C.
1938 The Thousand Islands Bridge, connecting the United States | 
Timeline
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