|
1100 BC The New Kingdom in Egypt comes to an end.
1090 BC or the year of the Hyena, there was a collapse in Egypt's economy leading to the emergence of tomb robbers. Because of this, it was also the last year that the Valley of the Kings was used for burial.
836 BC Civil war
breaks out in Egypt.
674 BC Esarhaddon
puts down a revolt in Ashkelon
supported by Taharqa
, king of Egypt
. In response, the Assyrians invade Egypt, but Taharqa
is able to hold the invaders off.
671 BC Esarhaddon
again invades Egypt, capturing Memphis
as well as a number of the royal family.
660 BC Psammetichus I
drives the Assyria
ns out of Egypt.
609 BC King Josiah of Judah
dies in the Battle of Megiddo against Pharaoh
Necho II
of Egypt, who is on his way north to aid the rump Assyrian state of Ashur-uballit II
.
605 BC Battle of Carchemish: Crown Prince
Nebuchadrezzar of Babylon
defeats the army of Necho II
of Egypt, securing the Babylonian conquest of Assyria
. The Babylonians pursue through Syria
and Palestine
.
590 BC Egyptian army sacks Napata, compelling the Cushite court
to move to a more secure location at Meroe near the sixth cataract. (Early history of Sudan)
502 BC Solar eclipse
darkens Egypt. (computed, no clear historical record of observation)
323 BC Alexander the Great
dies in Babylon
. After a dispute with the infantry led by Meleager, the cavalry general Perdiccas becomes Regent of the Empire. Alexander's posthumous son Alexander IV is declared King of Macedon and co-ruler with his uncle Philip III (Alexander's half-brother). He makes Ptolemy Governor of Egypt, Eumenes governor of Cappadocia
and Paphlagonia, Antigonus Governor of Phrygia, Lysimachus Governor of Thrace
; while Macedon itself was to be ruled by its old regent Antipater jointly with Alexander's chief lieutenant Craterus.
48 BC Battle in Alexandria
, Egypt between the forces of Caesar and his ally Cleopatra VII of Egypt
and those of rival King Ptolemy XIII of Egypt and Queen Arsinoe IV. The latter two are defeated and flee the city, but during the battle part of the Library of Alexandria catches fire and is burned down.
30 BC With the supposed suicide of Cleopatra VII of Egypt
and the execution of Ptolemy XV Caesarion
the Ptolemaic dynasty, the last dynasty of Ancient Egypt
comes to an end. The year counts as the first year of Octavian's personal reign in Egypt.
40 Christianity
comes to Egypt as a church is founded in Alexandria
. Mark the Evangelist
founds the Coptic Orthodox Church as the first pope.
54 Two centurions are sent to the south of Egypt to find the sources of the Nile
, and possible new provinces. They report that while there are many cities in the desert, the area seems too poor to be worthy of conquest.
115 Jew
s in Egypt and Cyrene ignite a revolt against the rule of the Roman Empire, which spreads to Cyprus
, Judea
, and the Roman province of Mesopotamia.
128 Hadrian begins his inspection of the provinces of Greece
, Asia Minor and Egypt.
132 The legion X ''Fretensis'' must evacuate Jerusalem, returning to Cesarea. The Jews enter the city and re-establish their system of sacrifices. They strike coins to celebrate their (temporary) freedom. The legion XXII ''Deiotariana'', which advanced from Egypt, is completely destroyed.
150 The Roman army consists of 400,000 men. Of these, there are ten legions
(55,000 men) and 140 auxiliary units (80,000 men, of which half are cavalry) based in the Balkans
and along the Danube
; 50,000 legionaires and auxiliaries in Britain
; 45,000 in Germany
; 20,000 men in Egypt; and 10,000 in Africa
and Numidia
.
153 Minor uprisings in Egypt against Roman rule
190 Egypt is impoverished due to an inflation rate of 100% during the previous decade.
250 An epidemic of the Plague
begins in Egypt and spreads through the Roman Empire.
260 Syria
, Egypt and Palestine break off from the Roman Empire
to form the Persian-supported Palmyran Empire.
269 Zenobia
proclaims herself queen of Egypt.
272 Emperor Aurelian
reconquers the kingdom of Palmyra, composed of Syria
, Egypt and large parts of Asia Minor, forcing queen Zenobia
to flee to Parthia
.
282 Emperor Probus
slain by his soldiers at Sirmium
after he orders them to clear the canals in Egypt.
380 The annexation of western provinces by Gupta give him control over commerce with Europe
and Egypt.
390 Theodosius brings an obelisk
from Egypt to the Hippodrome of Constantinople.
394 An obelisk
, taken from Egypt, is erected near the hippodrome in Constantinople
.
651 The bakt between Egypt and Makuria
is signed
737 Egypt - Christians invade from the south with the aim of protecting the Patriarch of Alexandria
.
748 An earthquake
strikes the Middle East from northern Egypt to northwestern Mesopotamia
, destroying many remnants of Byzantine
culture.
904 Abbasids invade Tulunid emirate of Egypt
905 Abbasid
Caliphate re-establishes control of Egypt from the Tulunids.
913 The Shiite Fatimid state in modern day Tunisia
launches a failed military campaign against Egypt
972 Fatimid
s enter Egypt, establish the city of Cairo
and the Al-Azhar mosque.
974 Carmathians defeated in Egypt by Jawhar as-Siqilli
- Fatimid
rule consolidated there.
979 Jawhar as-Siqilli
dismissed as Vizir of Egypt, replaced by Yaqub ibn Killis
1102 Crusaders defeat an Egyptian invasion of the Kingdom of Jerusalem
near Ascalon.
1116 Baldwin I of Jerusalem
undertakes an invasion of Egypt
1118 Baldwin I of Jerusalem
invades Egypt.
1167 Amalric I of Jerusalem
unsuccessfully invades Egypt
1193 Saladin
dies, and the lands of the Kurdish Ayyubid dynasty of Egypt and Syria
are split among his descendants.
1218 The Fifth Crusade
leaves Acre for Egypt.
1219 Saint Francis of Assisi
introduces Catholicism
into Egypt, during the Fifth Crusade
1247 Egypt takes control of Jerusalem
from the Kharezmians.
1248 King Louis IX of France
launches the Seventh Crusade
, leading an army of 20,000 toward Egypt.
1249 King Louis IX of France
captures Damietta
in Egypt, the first major military engagement of the Seventh Crusade
.
1250 The Bahri dynasty
of Mamluks seize power in Egypt.
1250 Louis IX of France
is captured by Baibars
' Mamluk
army at the Battle of Fariskur while he is in Egypt conducting the Seventh Crusade
; he later has to ransom himself.
1251 The first Shepherds' Crusade, a domestic French
uprising in response to events in Egypt during the Seventh Crusade
, occurs.
1254 King Louis IX of France
, having exhausted his funds and being needed at home, abandons the Seventh Crusade
(which he had conducted first in Egypt and then Syria
) and returns to France
.
1260 Saif ad-Din Qutuz, Mamluk
sultan of Egypt, is assassinated by Baibars
, who seizes power for himself.
1265 The Mamluk
Bahri dynasty
of Egypt captures several cities and towns from Crusader states in the Middle East
, including the cities of Haifa
, Arsuf
, and Caesarea Palaestina
; these events eventually precipitate the Eighth Crusade in 1267.
1272 Mamluk
sultan Baibars
of Egypt invades the weakening kingdom of Makuria
to the south.
1276 Mamluk
sultan Baibars
conquers Al-Maris, previously part of Makuria
, and annexes it into Egypt.
1279 Mamluk
sultan Baraka Khan and emir Qalawun
of Egypt invade Armenia
; a revolt in Egypt while they are away forces Baraka to abdicate and allows Qalawun to become sultan.
1280 The Egyptian city of Al Mansurah is founded.
1280 Syria
attempts to secede from the Mamluk
sultanate of Egypt, but Qalawun
defeats the rebels and keeps Syria within the Egyptian sultanate.
1284 Mamluk
sultan of Egypt Qalawun
signs a ten-year truce with the Crusader city of Acre; he will violate the truce on pretexts in 1290.
1287 Mongol
Ilhan
Arghun Khan
dispatches Rabban Bar Sauma to the leaders of Europe | 
Timeline
