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477 According to the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
, Aelle
, king of the South Saxons
, arrives in England, with his three sons, near Cymenshore.
601 The earliest dated English
words are 'Town' and 'Priest', both recorded in the Laws of Ethelbert.
601 The future Archbishops of Canterbury
, Mellitus
, Justus
, and Honorius, and the future Archbishop of York
Paulinus
, are sent to England by Pope Gregory I to aid Augustine in his missionary work.
670 The diocese of Dorchester-on-Thames in England is replaced by the diocese of Winchester.
673 Foundation of Ely, England
674 First glass
windows placed in English
Churches
790 Alcuin
returns to England.
828 Egbert of Wessex
became first King of England
868 In England Alfred the Great
marries Ealhswith and goes to the aid of Burgred of Mercia, who is attacked by Danes.
870 The Danes invade England and conquer East Anglia
.
871 Reading, England occupied by the Norse.
871 After the battle at Wilton, peace is made, with the Danes and Alfred each governing part of England.
894 Northumbria
ns and East Angles swear allegiance to Alfred the Great
, and promptly break their truce by attacking the south-west of England.
903 Vikings invade England.
914 Town of Warwick, England founded on the River Avon
927 Various tribal areas within what are now England is unified by King Aethelstan, creating the Kingdom of England
.
939 Edmund I of England
succeeds to the throne of England
946 Eadred I succeeds his brother as king of England
948 St Albans School in St Alban, England was founded.
954 On the death of Eric Bloodaxe, Edred becomes first King of all England
959 Edwy, king
of England dies and is succeeded by his brother Edgar.
960 Edgar the Peaceable
crowned King of England. Dunstan
became Archbishop of Canterbury
and Edgar's chief adviser. He reformed monasteries and enforced the rule of St Benedict: Poverty, Chastity and Obedience for monks
. He attempted to impose celibacy
on the secular clergy without noticeable success. Dunstan actively encouraged the Danes to integrate with the English.
978 Ethelred II becomes king of England at age 10, following the assassination of his half-brother King Edward the Martyr
.
979 Ethelred succeeds his brother Edward
as king of England
1001 Canonisation of Edward the Martyr
, king of England.
1002 English king Ethelred gives order to kill all Danes in England, leading to the St. Brice's Day Massacre.
1003 Sweyn I
of Denmark
begins his first invasion of England.
1012 King
Aethelred of England pays Danegeld
.
1013 Danish
invasion of England under king Sweyn I
. King Ethelred flees to Normandy
, and Sweyn becomes king of England.
1014 Following the death of Sweyn I
, Ethelred II returns to England and retakes the English crown. Canute the Great
returns to Denmark
1015 August: Canute the Great
invades England.
1016 Edmund II is king of England after Ethelred's death.
1016 Canute
of Denmark
and Edmund II divide England. After Edmund's death, Canute is left as the sole ruler of England.
1017 Canute the Great
is acclaimed king of England.
1019 Canute becomes king of Denmark
as well as England (or 1018).
1020 Canute the Great
codifies the laws of England
1035 Harald I
becomes king of England.
1036 Edward the Confessor
attempts to seize the throne of England from Harold I
.
1037 Harold I
seizes the crown of England from his half-brother Harthacanute
.
1058 Aldred
becomes the first English
bishop
to make a pilgrimage
to Jerusalem
.
1066 William of Normandy, also known as '''William the Conqueror''', lands in England at Pevensey.
1070 Hereward the Wake begins a Saxon revolt in the Fens of eastern England.
1071 Construction of Richmond Castle in North Yorkshire, England begins.
1077 First recorded Trial by combat in England.
1086 Domesday Book
is completed in England
1093 Building of Durham Cathedral
begun in Durham, England.
1093 Construction of Carlisle Castle, England was beginning
1123 St Bartholomew's Hopspital (Barts) founded in London
, England
1138 Battle of the Standard between David I of Scotland
and the English
. The Scots
were defeated.
1144 First recorded example of an anti-Semitic
blood libel in England
1150 Castle Rising built in Norfolk, England by William d'Aubigny, 1st Earl of Arundel
1153 Henry of Anjou
arrives in England.
1154 Birmingham
, England, and the Birmingham Bull Ring are founded.
1154 Nicholas Breakspear, the only English
pope
, is elected as Pope Adrian IV, succeeding Pope Anastasius IV
.
1156 According to legend, freeholder Lalli slays English
crusader Bishop Henry with an axe on the ice of the lake Köyliönjärvi in Finland
.
1158 British
Pound Sterling
(currency
) introduced
1164 Thomas Becket
contends with Henry II
, leaves England to solicit support from the Pope and the King of Fran
1166 Assize of Clarendon enacted in England.
1168 Prince Richard of England becomes duke of Aquitaine
.He later becomes King Richard I of England
.
1171 Henry II of England
, with the aid of the ousted King of the Irish province of Leinster
, Diarmait MacMurrough, sponsors the Norman
invasion of Ireland
, sparking eight centuries of conflict and war between Ireland and England.
1188 The "Saladin tithe" is levied in England.
1204 Angers and Normandy
are recaptured from England by Philip II of France
.
1215 King John rejects the Magna Carta
, leading to an English
civil war
(the First Barons' War
).
1220 Trial by ordeal abolished in England
1229 Beverston Castle, Gloucestershire
, England was founded.
1247 Romford, London
, England is chartered as a market town.
1251 The earliest known manuscript of The Proverbs of Alfred, a collection of sayings of England's Alfred the Great
, is written.
1253 King Henry III of England
meets with English
nobles and church leaders to reaffirm the validity of the Magna Carta
.
1253 Matthew Paris
writes ''Historia Anglorum'', a work on English
history.
1254 In England, an important step in the evolution of the Parliament
and Peerage occurs, as lesser barons are replaced on the King's Council by elected representatives from shires and cities.
1255 The death of Little Saint Hugh of Lincoln
prompts persecution of Jew
s in England on accusations of blood libel.
1255 A survey of royal privileges is conducted, which is included in the Hundred Rolls
, an English
census
seen as a follow up to the Domesday Book
completed in 1086; the Hundred Rolls is later completed with two larger surveys in 1274/1275 and 1279/1280.
1257 Matthew Paris
, English
historian, personally intreviews King Henry III of England
for a week straight while compiling his major work of English history, ''Chronica Majora''.
1257 King Henry III of England
orders the production of an twenty pence English coin of pure gold
, the first high-denomination coin minted in England and the first to use gold. Unfortunately for King Henry, the bullion value of the coins was about 20% higher than the nominal face value, leading to poor circulation as coins were melted down by individuals for their gold content.
1258 Llywelyn the Last
declares himself Prince of Wales
. He is the final ruler of an independent Wales
, before its conquest by the English
.
1258 King Henry III of England
is forced by seven powerful barons to accept the Provisions of Oxford, effectively ending the absolute monarchy
in England by requiring the calling of a parliament
.
1264 The Battle of Lewes of the Second Barons' War is fought between Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester
and King Henry III of England
in Sussex
. By the end of the battle, de Montfort's forces capture both King Henry and his brother, future King Edward I
, making de Montfort the "uncrowned king of England" for 15 months before Edward escapes captivity and recaptures the throne.
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Timeline
