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44 BC Antony granted a five-year governorship of northern and central Transalpine Gaul (France) and Cisalpine Gaul (Northern Italy
).
303 On a voyage preaching the gospel, Saint Fermin of Pamplona is beheaded in Amiens, France.
640 The French
city of Lille is founded by Lyderic.
Battle of Heliopolis between Arab
Muslim
armies and Byzantine
.
732 Battle of Tours: Near Poitiers
, France, leader of the Franks
Charles Martel
and his men, defeat a large army of Moors
, stopping the Muslim
s from spreading into Western Europe. The governor of Cordoba
, Abdul Rahman Al Ghafiqi, is killed during the battle.
759 The Franks
capture Narbonne; the Saracens are completely driven out of France.
887 Odo, Count of Paris
ascends to the throne of Western Francia (modern France)
970 Devastating decade long famine
begins in France
987 Hugh Capet, Count of Paris
, crowned King of France
990 The Pax Ecclesiae, an edict by the church in southern France attempting to outlaw acts of war against non-combatants and the clergy, is promulgated.
1000 Château de Goulaine vineyard founded in France.
1027 Henri I
is crowned king of France at Reims
Cathedral.
1095 The cathedral in Valence, France is consecrated.
1110 Beginning of the construction of Fontevraud Abbey in France
1134 Robert of Ketton and Herman of Carinthia travel throughout France, the Byzantine Empire
, and the Crusader States
.
1144 Montauban, France, is founded
1180 Artois is annexed by France
1180 Philip II
becomes King of France
1181 The word Albigensians first used by chronicler Geoffroy du Breuil of Vigeois to describe the inhabitants of Albi, France.
1203 Philip II of France
enters Rouen
, leading to the eventual unification of Normandy
and France.
1204 The writings of French
theologian
Amalric of Bena are condemned by the University of Paris
and Pope Innocent III
.
1214 Battle of Bouvines: In France, Philip II of France
defeats John of England
.
1229 Foundation of the University of Toulouse in Toulouse
, France.
1237 The County of Artois is founded in France.
1248 The Gothic
chapel Sainte-Chapelle is concecrated in Paris
, France.
1249 Alphonse of Toulouse
orders the expulsion of Jew
s from Poitou, France.
1250 The Parlement law courts of ''ancien régime'' France are established.
1251 The first Shepherds' Crusade, a domestic French
uprising in response to events in Egypt
during the Seventh Crusade
, occurs.
1254 King Louis IX of France
, having exhausted his funds and being needed at home, abandons the Seventh Crusade
(which he had conducted first in Egypt
and then Syria
) and returns to France.
1255 The final Cathar
stronghold in southern France falls, eliminating the last refuge of the heretical Cathars after the Roman Catholic Church
engaged in a program to crush the sect, starting in 1209 with the Albigensian Crusade
.
1255 The Gothic
cathedral
at Bourges
, France, is completed. It is now a UNESCO
World Heritage Site
.
1257 Robert de Sorbon
founds the ''Collège de Sorbonne'' at Paris
, giving a formal college (and still-common name) to the already existing University of Paris
in France.
1259 Kings Louis IX of France
and Henry III of England
agree to the Treaty of Paris, in which Henry renounces his claims to French
-controlled territory on continental Europe
(including Normandy
) in exchange for Louis withdrawing his support for English rebels.
1266 In France, the gold
écu and silver
grosh coins are minted for the first time.
1268 In France, the use of hops as the exclusive flavoring agent used in the manufacture of beer
is made compulsory.
1271 The County of Toulouse
is returned to the crown of France.
1271 Pope Gregory X
is elected pope by compromise between French
and Italian
cardinals, ending a three-year conclave, the longest ever.
1275 Jean de Meun completes the French
allegorical work of fiction, ''Roman de la Rose'', with a second section; the first section was written by Guillaume de Lorris in 1230.
1275 A purported witch is first burned to death by sentence of a judicial inquisitor
in Toulouse
, France.
1278 The independence, boundaries, and political structure of Andorra are agreed to by the Spanish
Bishop of Urgell and the French
Count of Foix.
1281 Pope Martin IV
authorizes the Ninth Crusade
against the newly re-established Byzantine Empire
in Constantinople
; French
and Venetian
expeditions set out toward Constantinople but are forced to turn back in the following year.
1283 King Philip III of France
causes a mass migration of Jew
s when he outlaws their residence in the small villages and rural localities of France.
1284 Construction on the Cathédrale Saint-Pierre de Beauvais is interrupted by a partial collapse of the choir; the event unnerves French
masons working in the Gothic
style.
1289 Pope Nicholas IV
formally constitutes the University of Montpellier in France by papal bull
, combining various existing schools under the mantle of a single university
.
1289 Jew
s are expelled from Gascony
and Anjou
in France.
1294 John Balliol, King of Scotland
, decides to refuse King Edward I of England
's demands for support in a planned invasion of France, and instead informs the French of Edward's plans and negotiates the Auld Alliance with France and Norway
. These actions play a part in precipitating the Scottish Wars of Independence, to begin in 1296.
1302 Battle of the Golden Spurs (''Guldensporenslag'' in Dutch), major victory of Flanders
over the French
.
1307 All Knights Templar
in France are simultaneously arrested by agents of Phillip the Fair
, to be later tortured into "admitting" heresy.
1310 In France, 64 members of the Knights Templar
are burned at the stake for heresy
1315 Louis X
is crowned King of France at Reims
.
1328 Battle of Cassel: French
troops stop an uprising of Flemish farmers.
1337 Beginning of the Hundred Years' War
( 1337-1453) between France and England
1340 King Edward III of England
is declared King of France
1340 The Battle of Sluys is fought between the naval fleets of the Kingdom of England
and the Kingdom of France
. The former was under the command of Edward III of England
and the later under those of admiral
Hue Quiéret and treasurer Nicholas Béhuchet assisted by Genoese mercenary
galleys serving under Egidio Bocanegra. The battle ends with the almost complete destruction of the French. Both their commanders were among the casualties. However the mercenaries manage to escape.
1346 Battle of Crécy, after which Edward the Black Prince honoured the bravery of John I, Count of Luxemburg and King of Bohemia
(also known as John the Blind), who was killed in the fighting, by adopting his arms and motto: "Ich Dien" or "I Serve"
In addition to the victory at Crécy, the English
armies have an annus mirabilis, with further victories over the French
at Caen
and near Calais
, over Scotland
at the Battle of Neville's Cross and the Bretons at the Battle of St Pol de Leon during the Hundred Years' War
.
1355 A small Scottish
and French
force invade Northumberland
, loot the city of Berwick-upon-Tweed
and defeat a small English
force in a skirmish at Nisbet, Berwickshire.
1358 The Jacquerie. A Peasant rebellion in France during the Hundred Year's War, which consumed the Beauvais
and allied with Etienne Marcel's seizure of Paris
. Was defeated on the 10th July at the Battle of Mello.
1359 Second Treaty of London signed between England
and France, but rejected by the French States-General
on May 25.
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Timeline
