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1250 Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor
, dies, beginning a 23-year-long interregnum
known as the '''great interregnum'''. Frederick II is the last Holy Roman Emperor of the Hohenstaufen
dynasty; after the interregnum, the empire passes to the Habsburgs.
1273 Rudolph I of Germany
is elected King of Germany over rival candidate King Otakar II of Bohemia, ending the Interregnum; Otakar refuses to acknowledge Rudolph as the new king, leading to the outbreak of war in 1276. Rudolph is the first of many Habsburgs to hold the throne.
1278 Kings Rudolph I of Germany
and Ladislaus IV of Hungary
defeat King Otakar II of Bohemia in the Battle of Marchfield, a match of over 80,000 men and the largest battle of knight
s in the Middle Ages. The battle ends a power struggle between Rudolph and Otakar over the fate of central Europe
, and Rudolph's Habsburg family will continue to rule Austria
and other captured territories until the end of World War I
in 1918.
1282 Holy Roman Emperor
Rudolph I of Germany
invests his sons Albert I of Germany
and Rudolph II of Austria as co-rulers of the duchies of Austria
and Styria, thus founding the Habsburg dynasty in those territories.
1335 Charles I of Hungary allies with Poland
against the Habsburgs and Bohemia
ns
1335 Carinthia and Carniola come under Habsburg rule. After the death of Duke Henry, the duchies are bestowed by Louis the Bavarian
on the dukes of Austria
. From that time onwards, what is today Slovenia
was ruled jointly with Austria
until 1918.
1379 Treaty of Neuberg, splitting the Austria
n Habsburg lands between the Habsburg Dukes Albert III and Leopold III
1379 Treaty of Neuberg, splitting the Austria
n Habsburg lands between the Habsburg Dukes Albert III and Leopold III
1382 September, 30: Trieste
being donated by his inhabitants to Leopold III von Habsburg
.
1386 Battle of Sempach: Swiss
safeguard independence from Habsburg rule.
1415 The Swiss Confederation takes the territory of Aargau
from the house of Habsburg.
1490 Regular postal service connects the Habsburg residences of Mechelen and Innsbruck
, the first in Germany
.
1541 The unsuccessful Algerian campaign of Charles V of Spain Habsburg.
1580 Portugal
loses independence to Spain
following the death without heirs of king Henry of Portugal
. The Habsburg rule would last until 1640.
1669 Leopold I
Habsburg grants the status and privileges of a university
to the Jesuit
Academy
in Zagreb
, the precursor to the modern University of Zagreb
1700 Control of Spain
passes from the Habsburgs to the Bourbons.
1703 War of the Spanish Succession
- Habsburg Archduke Charles proclaimed King of Spain
.
1745 Francis I
is elected Holy Roman Emperor
with the support of his wife, Maria Theresia of Austria
. He is the successor of Charles VII Albert of Bavaria
, an enemy of Habsburg, who died on January 20 of this year.
1780 Maria Theresa of Austria
dies and her Habsburg dominions pass to her ambitious son, Joseph II
, who has already been Holy Roman Emperor
since 1765.
1848 Revolution breaks out in Pest, Hungary. The Habsburg rulers are compelled to meet the demands of the Reform party.
1918 Habsburg Empire ceases to exist.
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Timeline
