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937 Magdeburg
is now the capital of the Holy Roman Empire, after a Diet
held by Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor
962 Holy Roman Empire is formed.
996 Twenty-four year old Bruno of Carinthia, grandson of Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor
and first cousin of Otto III, is elected Pope Gregory V
. He is the first German
Pope.
1024 The Salian Dynasty of the Holy Roman Empire is founded by Conrad II.
1034 Franche-Comté becomes subject to the Holy Roman Empire.
1163 Silesia
n duchies accept suzerainty of Holy Roman Empire.
1194 Richard I of England
is ransomed from Henry VI
, Emperor
of the Holy Roman Empire.
1262 Strasbourg
becomes an Imperial Free City of the Holy Roman Empire.
1264 The state of Hesse gains its independence from Thuringia
and becomes a free state of the Holy Roman Empire.
1269 King Otakar II of Bohemia inherits Carinthia and part of Carniola, making him the most powerful prince within the Holy Roman Empire; the empire lacking an emperor during the ongoing ''great interregnum
'', Otakar II was one of the most powerful men in Europe
.
1272 The city of Strasbourg
becomes an Imperial Free City of the Holy Roman Empire.
1282 Holy Roman Emperor
Rudolph I of Germany
invests his sons Albert I of Germany
and Rudolph II of Austria as co-rulers of the duchies of Austria
and Styria, thus founding the Habsburg
dynasty in those territories.
1288 John I of Brabant defeats the duchy of Guelders in the Battle of Worringen — one of the largest battles in Europe of the Middle Ages — thus winning possession of the duchy of Limburg. The battle also liberates the city of Cologne
from rule by the Archbishopric of Cologne; it had previously been one of the major ecclesiastical principalities of the Holy Roman Empire.
1308 Henry VII is elected as king of the Holy Roman Empire.
1345 Holland
, Hainaut and Zeeland
are inherited by emperor Louis IV
of the Holy Roman Empire and becomes part of the imperial crown domain, until 1347.
1346 Charles IV
of Luxembourg
elected emperor of the Holy Roman Empire.
1356 Emperor
Charles IV.
promulgates the Golden Bull, a sort of medieval constitution
for the Holy Roman Empire
1477 Mary of Burgundy marries Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor
in Ghent
, bringing her Flemish and Burgundian lands into the Holy Roman Empire and detaching them from France
.
1495 Founding of the Reichskammergericht of the Holy Roman Empire.
1519 Charles I of Spain
becomes Emperor of Holy Roman Empire as Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor
(ruled until 1556).
1525 Battle of Frankenhausen - Defeat of the rebellious peasants of the Holy Roman Empire by the Lords. End of the Peasants' War.
1530 Augsburg confession presented to Charles V
of Holy Roman Empire.
1619 Ferdinand II is elected emperor of the Holy Roman Empire.
1632 Battle of Rain: Swedes
under Gustavus Adolphus
defeat the Holy Roman Empire during the Thirty Years' War
.
1688 Hearing that William has landed in England
, Louis XIV
declares war on the Netherlands
. Perhaps revealingly, he does not attack the Netherlands
but instead strikes at the heart of the Holy Roman Empire with about 100,000 soldiers.
1719 The Principality of Liechtenstein is created within the Holy Roman Empire
1773 Holy Roman Emperor Joseph II
expels Jesuits from the Empire
, and Pope Clement XIV
orders the dissolution of the Society of Jesus.
1793 Holy Roman Empire declares war on France
.
1806 Francis II
, the last Holy Roman Emperor
, abdicates, thus ending the Holy Roman Empire.
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Timeline
