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1862 Indian Wars: Lakota
(Sioux) uprising begins in Minnesota
as desperate Lakota attack white settlements along the Minnesota River. They will be overwhelmed by the US military six weeks later.
1862 Indian Wars: In Minnesota
, more than 300 Santee Sioux
are found guilty of rape
and murder
of white settlers and are sentenced to hang.
1863 Indian Wars: Chief Pocatello of the Shoshone tribe signs the Treaty of Box Elder, promising to stop harassing the emigrant trails in southern Idaho and northern Utah
.
1864 Indian Wars: Sand Creek Massacre - Colorado
volunteers led by Colonel John Chivington massacre at least 400 Cheyenne
and Arapahoe noncombatants at Sand Creek, Colorado (where they had been given permission to camp).
1868 Indian Wars: Battle of Washita River - In the early morning, United States Army
Lieutenant Colonel George Armstrong Custer
leads an attack on a band of peaceful Cheyenne
living on reservation land with Chief Black Kettle, killing 103 Cheyenne (later regarded as the first substantial US victory in the war).
1872 Indian Wars: The Modoc War
begins with the Battle of Lost River.
1873 Indian Wars: First Battle of the Stronghold during the Modoc War
.
1873 17 - Indian Wars: Second Battle of the Stronghold
1873 Indian Wars: The Modoc War
ends with the capture of Captain Jack.
1873 Indian Wars: While protecting a railroad survey party in Montana
, the Seventh Cavalry, under Lieutenant Colonel George Armstrong Custer
, clash for the first time with the Sioux
(near the Tongue River; only one man on each side is killed).
1875 Indian Wars: In Washington, D.C.
, Indian Inspector E.C. Watkins issues a report stating that hundreds of Sioux
and Cheyenne
associated with Sitting Bull
and Crazy Horse
are hostile to the United States
(the Battle of the Little Bighorn
was fought in Montana
the next year).
1876 Indian Wars: Battle of the Rosebud - 1,500 Sioux
and Cheyenne
led by Crazy Horse
beat back General George Crook
forces at Rosebud Creek in Montana Territory.
1876 Indian Wars: In retaliation for the dramatic American
defeat at the Battle of the Little Bighorn
, United States Army
troops under General Ranald S. Mackenzie sack Chief Dull Knife's sleeping Cheyenne
village at the headwaters of the Powder River (the soldiers destroyed all of the villager's winter food and clothing and then slashed their ponies' throats).
1877 Indian Wars: Sitting Bull
leads his band of Lakota
into Canada
to avoid harassment by the United States Army
under Colonel Nelson Miles.
1877 Indian Wars: Battle of White Bird Canyon - The Nez Perce defeat the US Cavalry at White Bird Canyon in the Idaho Territory.
1877 Indian Wars: Battle of Big Hole - Near Big Hole River in Montana
, a small band of Nez Percé Indians who refused government orders to move to a reservation, clash with the United States Army
. The army lost 29 soldiers and Indians lost 89 warriors in a US Army win.
1877 Indian Wars: Oglala Sioux
chief Crazy Horse
is bayoneted by a United States
soldier after resisting confinement in a guardhouse at Fort Robinson in Nebraska
.
1881 Indian Wars: Sioux
chief Sitting Bull
leads the last of his fugitive people in surrender to United States
troops at Fort Buford in Montana
.
1886 Indian Wars: After almost 30 years of fighting, Apache leader Geronimo
surrenders with his last band of warriors to General Nelson Miles at Skeleton Canyon in Arizona
.
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Timeline
