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1266 The Mamluk
sultan Baibars
expands his domain, capturing the city of Byblos (in present-day Lebanon) and the important castle of Toron from crusader states, and defeating the Armenia
ns at Cilicia
.
1289 Mamluk
sultan Qalawun
captures the County of Tripoli
(in present-day Lebanon) after a month-long siege, thus extinguishing the crusader state.
1860 Austria
, Britain
, France
, Prussia
and the Ottoman Empire
form a commission to investigate causes of clashes between Maronites and Druze
s in Lebanon earlier in the year.
1861 Lebanon separated from Syria
n administration and reunited under Ottoman
governor with the approval of European powers
1866 Ottoman
troops clash with men of a Maronite leader Karam in St. Doumit in Lebanon - Turks are defeated
1866 800 Maronite troops clash with Ottoman troops in Karem Saddah, modern-day Lebanon - more battles between nationalist Maronites and Ottoman army follow
1867 Maronite nationalist leader Karam leaves Lebanon on board of a French ship for Algeria
1926 Lebanon becomes a republic
.
1941 World War II: Allies
invade Syria
and Lebanon.
1943 Lebanon gains independence from France
.
1945 British take over Lebanon and Syria
1946 British troops begin withdrawal from Lebanon
1948 1948 Arab-Israeli War: Egypt
, Transjordan
, Lebanon, Syria
, Iraq
and Saudi Arabia
attack Israel
.
1951 The Lebanese University is founded in Lebanon
1958 In Lebanon, 5,000 United States Marines land in the capital Beirut
in order to protect the pro-Western government there
1970 In Lebanon, the government of Prime Minister Rashid Karami resigns.
1970 Saeb Salam forms a government in Lebanon.
1975 An attack by Palestinians on a church in Ain El Remmeneh, Lebanon, sparks over 15 years of civil war.
1978 Israel
i forces invade Lebanon in Operation Litani.
1981 A car bomb
destroys the Iraq
i Embassy in Beirut
, Lebanon, killing 61 people. This is the first modern suicide bombing.
Syria
n intelligence is blamed.
1982 The 1982 Lebanon War begins: Forces under Israel
i Defense Minister Ariel Sharon
invade southern Lebanon in their "Operation Peace for the Galilee," eventually reaching as far north as the capital Beirut
.
1982 United Nations Security Council
votes to demand that Israel
withdraw its troops from Lebanon.
1982 Four Iran
ian diplomats are kidnapped upon Israel
's invasion of Lebanon.
1982 Amin Gemayel is elected president of Lebanon.
1983 Lebanon, Israel
, and the United States
sign an agreement on Israeli withdrawal from Lebanon.
1984 United States
Marines
pull out of Beirut
, Lebanon.
1985 CNN reporter Jeremy Levin is freed from captivity in Lebanon.
1985 Israel
begins withdrawing troops from Lebanon.
1986 Iran-Contra Affair
: The Lebanese
magazine Ash-Shiraa reports that the United States
has been selling weapons to Iran
in secret in order to secure the release of 7 American hostage
s held by pro-Iranian groups in Lebanon.
1987 Terry Waite, the special envoy of the Archbishop of Canterbury
in Lebanon, is kidnapped in Beirut
(released November 1991).
1987 In Lebanon, gunmen kidnap Alann Steen, Jesse Turner, Robert Polhill and Mitheleshwar Singh.
1988 U.S. Lieutenant Colonel William R. Higgins, serving with a United Nations
group monitoring a truce in southern Lebanon, is kidnapped. (He is later killed by his captors.)
1989 Christian General Michel Aoun
declares a 'War of Liberation' to rid Lebanon of Syrian forces and their allies.
1989 In West Beirut
, a bomb explodes near the motorcade of Lebanese
President Rene Moawad and kills him.
1990 North Ireland writer Brian Keenan is released from Lebanon after being held hostage for nearly five years.
1991 Maronite general Michel Aoun
leaves Lebanon via a French ship into exile.
1991 Shiite Muslim kidnappers in Lebanon set Anglican Church envoys Terry Waite and Thomas Sutherland free.
1991 Journalist Terry Anderson is released after 7 years' captivity as a hostage in Beirut
(he was the last and longest-held American hostage in Lebanon).
1992 Two Kurdish
opposition leaders are assassinated by the Iran
ian Kazem Darabi and the Lebanese
Abbas Rhayel.
1996 Over 100 Lebanese
civilians are killed after Israel shells the UN compound in Qana. ''See Qana Massacre''.
1997 On their way to Lebanon, two Israel
i troop-transport helicopter
s collide, killing 73.
2000 Israel withdraws IDF troops from southern Lebanon after 22 years, ending the South Lebanon conflict.
2004 The United Nations
Security Council
adopts Resolution 1559, calling for the removal of all foreign troops from Lebanon. This measure is largely aimed at Syrian troops.
2005 A massive suicide bomb blast in central Beirut
kills Lebanon's former prime minister Rafik Hariri
and at least 15 other people. At least 135 other people are also hurt.
2005 Approximately 1 million people gather for an opposition rally in Beirut
, a month after the death of former Prime Minister Rafik Hariri
. It is the largest rally in Lebanon's history.
's Pinellas Park, Florida hospice, March 27, 2005.]]
2005 Facing international pressure, Syria
withdraws the last of its 14,000 troop military garrison in Lebanon, ending its 29-nine year military domination of that country.
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Timeline
