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2 Gaius Caesar meets with the king of Parthia on the Euphrates
.
4 King Phraataces and Queen Musa of Parthia are overthrown and killed, the crown being offered to Orodes III of Parthia.
6 Died
7 Vonones I of the Arsacid Dynasty
becomes ruler of Parthia
8 Vonones I becomes king of Parthia.
11 Artabanus III of the Arsacid Dynasty
becomes ruler of Parthia
35 Tiridates III becomes king of Parthia.
36 L. Vitellius defeated Artabanus of Parthia in support of another clamaint to the throne, Tiridates III
40 Vardanes I becomes king of Parthia, opposed by his brother Gotarzes II
47 Died
55 Corbulo sent by Nero to settle a problem in Parthia.
56 War between Rome and Parthia breaks out due to the invasion of Armenia
by Vologases, who had replaced the Roman supported ruler with his brother Tiridates of Parthia.
58 Gnaeus Domitius Corbulo
, Roman commander in the east captured Artaxata
in Armenia
, in the war against Parthia.
59 Gnaeus Domitius Corbulo
, Roman commander in the east captured Tigranocerta in Mesopotamia
after defeating the Parthians, he set up a new ruler, Tigranes as ruler of Armenia.
62 Battle of Rhandeia - Romans under Lucius Caesennius Paetus are defeated by a Parthian-Armenia
n army under King Tiridates of Parthia.
63 Gnaeus Domitius Corbulo
was restored to command after the Roman debacle at the Battle of Rhandeia, he invaded Armenia
and defeated Tiridates II, who accepted Roman sovereignty, Parthia withdrew from the war.
78 Pacorus II is king of Parthia (78-115)
99 Kush
King Kanishka
, under whose reign the kingdom reaches its peak, sends a delegation to Rome to devise a surprise attack against Parthia.
113 Trajan
starts an expedition against Parthia and annexes Armenia
.
114 Trajan
defeated the Parthians and overran Armenia
and northern Mesopotamia
115 Trajan captures the Parthian
capital of Ctesiphon
.
116 Roman Emperor Trajan
completes his invasion of Parthia by capturing the cities of Seleucia
, Babylon
, Ctesiphon
and Susa
, marking the high-water mark of the Roman Empire
's eastern expansion.
117 Hadrian returns large parts of Mesopotamia
to the Parthians as part of a peace settlement.
123 Hadrian averted a war with Parthia by a personal meeting with Osroes
155 Roman Emperor
Antoninus Pius
starts a new war against the Parthians who are led by Vologesus. The war was brief and resulted in an inconclusive pea
162 Lucius Verus
begins a war with the Parthians, due to the invasion of Syria
and Armenia
by Vologases III of Parthia.
162 Lucius Verus
begins a war with the Parthians, due to the invasion of Syria
and Armenia
by Vologases III of Parthia.
164 The governor of Syria
, Avidius Cassius
, one of Lucius Verus
' generals, crosses the Euphrates
and invades Parthian territory.
164 Ctesiphon
is captured by the Romans
, but returned to the Parthians after the end of the war.
165 A Roman military operation under Avidius Cassius
was successful against Parthia, capturing Artaxata
, Seleucia
, and Ctesiphon
. The Parthians sued for pea
165 A pandemic
known as the Antonine Plague breaks out in Rome after the Roman army returns from Parthia. The plague significantly depopulates the empire.
166 End of the war with Parthia. The Parthians leave Armenia
and eastern Mesopotamia
, with both becoming Roman protectorates.
195 Vologases IV of Parthia invaded Mesopotamia
, which was under Roman rule.
217 Rome retains Mesopotamia
under a treaty with Parthia.
224 Ardashir I defeats and kills the Arsacid
King Artabanus IV at Hormizdegan, destroying the Parthian Empire
and establishing the Sassanid dynasty.
227 Persia annexes all of Parthia.
228 Shah
Artashir I, four years after establishing the Sassanid Persian Empire
, completes his conquest of Parthia.
235 Pressure on Rome by Goths
, Quadi
, Parthian
s, Franks
and Alemanni increases. Following a defeat by the Germans, Alexander Severus
and his mother Julia Mamaea, are massacred near Mainz
(Mongontiacum) by his soldiers.
272 Emperor Aurelian
reconquers the kingdom of Palmyra, composed of Syria
, Egypt
and large parts of Asia Minor, forcing queen Zenobia
to flee to Parthia.
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Timeline
