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960 Mieszko I becomes ruler in Poland
966 Mieszko I, first duke of Poland, baptised a Christian
968 Foundation of first Polish
bishopric in Poznan
. Jordan became the first bishop.
1018 Peace of Bautzen between Poland and Germany
.
1025 Boleslaw I Chrobry is crowned as the first king of Poland.
1031 Bezprym seizes the throne of Poland from Mieszko II
1039 Bretislav I invades Poland
1058 Boleslaus II takes office as duke
of Poland.
1076 Coronation of Polish
King Boleslaw II the Bold (Polish: ''Boleslaw Smialy'') in Gniezno
1079 Ladislaus Herman succeeds Boleslaus II in Poland.
1106 Boleslaus III of Poland begins a war against his brother Zbigniew for control of Poland.
1177 Casimir II
becomes duke of Poland.
1182 First Sejm, or Polish
Parliament, convenes at Łęczyca.
1237 Elblag, Poland is founded.
1241 Mongols
of Golden Horde
under the command of Subotai defeat feudal Polish
nobility, including Knights Templar
, in the battle of Liegnitz.
1242 The diocese of Warmia
, Poland is created.
1252 The Polish
land of Lebus is incorporated into German state of Brandenburg
, marking the start of Brandenburg's expansion into previously Polish areas (Neumark).
1259 Nogai Khan
leads the second Mongol
Golden Horde
attack against Poland.
1285 Archbishop Jakub Świnka orders all priests subject to his bishopry in Poland to deliver sermons in Polish
rather than German
, thus further unifying the Catholic Church
in Poland and fostering a national identity.
1287 Third mongol Golden Horde
attack against Poland
1300 Wenceslas II of Bohemia becomes King of Poland.
1320 Duke Wladyslaw Lokietek becomes king of Poland.
1329 Construction begins on the cathedral of Frombork, Poland.
1335 Charles I of Hungary allies with Poland against the Habsburg
s and Bohemia
ns
1349 Black Death
outbreak in Elbing (modern-day Elblag in Poland).
1370 Beginning of the rule of Poland by Capet-Anjou family.
1385 The Union of Krewo established the Jagiellonian dynasty in Poland and Lithuania
through the marriage of Queen Jadwiga of Poland
and Grand Prince Jagiello of Lithuania and saw the acceptance of Roman Catholicism
by the Lithuanian elite.
1386 End of rules by members of the Capet-Anjou family in Poland. Jogaila unites Lithuania
and Poland.
1411 February 11 : Peace of Torun 1411 signed in Torun, Poland
1439 Battle of Grotnik, which ended the hussite movement in Poland
1454 In the battle of Chojnice, the Polish
army is defeated by a smaller but more professional Teutonic
army during Thirteen Years' War
.
1466 The Thirteen Years' War
ended with the Second Treaty of Torun. Gdansk Pomerania and Prussia
as a whole was incorporated into Poland; the Teutonic Knights
were allowed to rule its eastern part as Polish vassals.
1504 Moldavia
, Stephen III the Great fights against Turkey
and Poland.
1514 Battle of Orsha - In one of the biggest battles of the century, Belarusians and Poles
defeat the Russian
army.
1518 Bona Sforza
is crowned as Queen
of Poland.
1569 Poland and Lithuania
are united in the Union of Lublin. They form Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
.
1574 On the death of King
Charles IX
of France
, he is succeeded by his brother King Henry of Poland
, who becomes King Henry III of France
. His mother, Catherine de Medici, acts as Regent
until Henry arrives from Poland.
1575 Stephen Báthory becomes king of Poland.
1582 October 4 of Julian calendar
(Thursday) - Italy
, Poland, Portugal
, and Spain
make the next day Friday, October 15 of the Gregorian Calendar
, skipping over 10 days. Other countries follow at various later dates.
1582 Russia
cedes Livonia and Estonia
to Poland.
1587 Polish
and Lithuania
n nobles elect Sigismund III Vasa
as their king
1596 King Sigismund III Vasa
moved the capital of Poland from Kraków
to Warsaw
.
1609 Warsaw
becomes the capital of Poland
1610 Poland captures Moscow
, just to lose it again to Russia
n and Swedish
troops.
1618 The margraves of Brandenburg
is granted Polish
approval to inherit Ducal Prussia.
1627 The aurochs are hunted to extinction, the last being killed by poachers in Poland.
1632 King
Ladislaus IV of Poland forbids Anti-Semitic books and printings.
1644 Kolumna Zygmunta (Sigismund's Column) erected in Warsaw to commemorate King Sigismund III Vasa
, who moved the capital of Poland from Kraków
to Warsaw
in 1596.
1651 June 30: The biggest battle of the 17th century, Battle of Beresteczko, between Poles
and Ukrainians
, won by Poles.
1654 The Russian Army seizes Smolensk
, and Thirteen Years War starts between Russia
and Poland over Ukraine
1667 Poland cedes Kiev
, Smolensk
, and eastern Ukraine
to Russia
in the Treaty of Andrusovo that put a final end to the Russo-Polish War (1654-1667) and Poland's status as a Central European power.
1671 Ottoman Empire
declares war on Poland
1674 John Sobieski is elected by the nobility to be the King of Poland.
1683 A 140,000-man Ottoman
force arrives at Vienna
in June and starts to besiege the city. The siege is broken in at the Battle of Vienna on September 12 with the arrival of a force of 30,000 Polish
, Austria
ns and German
s under Polish-Lithuanian king Jan III Sobieski, whose cavalry turns their flank. Considered to be the turning point in the Ottoman Empire
's fortunes.
1684 Pope Innocent XI
forms a Holy League with the Habsburg Empire, Venice
and Poland to liberate Europe
from the Ottoman Turkish
rule.
1700 The Great Northern War
begins with Russia
, Denmark
and Saxony
/Poland making a coordinated attack on Sweden
(to 1721).
1738 Stanislaw Leszczynski receives Lorraine
in exchange for renouncing the Polish
throne.
1772 First partition of Poland, by Russia
and Prussia
, later including Austria
1791 The Polish
Sejm (Parliament
) proclaims the Constitution of third May, the first modern codified constitution
in Europe
.
1792 Russia
invades Poland: War in defence of the constitution.
1793 Russia
and Prussia
partition Poland
1807 Napoléon
's French Empire begin fighting against Russia
n and Prussia
n forces of the Fourth Coalition at the Battle of Eylau in Eylau, Poland.
1831 Battle of Grochow. Polish
rebel forces divide a Russia
n army.
1861 A crowd in Warsaw
protesting Russia
n rule over Poland is fired upon by Russian troops killing five protesters.
1863 The January Uprising broke out in Poland, Lithuania
and Belarus
. The aim of the national movement was to regain Polish-Lithuanian-Ruthenian Commonwealth
from occupation of Russia.
1918 November 3 — Poland declares its independence from Russia.
1918 November 14 — Józef Pilsudski
is appointed head of state
of Poland
1919 January 15 — Ignacy Jan Paderewski
becomes Premier of Poland
1920 Polish-Soviet War
: Polish
and Anti-Soviet Ukrainia | 
Timeline
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