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55 BC Julius Caesar
defeats a Germanic army then massacres the women and children, totalling 430,000 people, somewhere near the Meuse and Rhine Rivers.
7 Tiberius Quinctilius Varus, legate, is charged with organizing Germany between the Rhine and Elba
rivers. He carries out a census, devises tributes and recruits soldiers, all of which create dissention among the Germans.
11 Germania Inferior
and the Rhine secured by Germanicus
11 Augustus abandons his plan to create a defensive border at the Elbe, in order to reinforce the Roman
defence along the Rhine and the Danube
.
14 Legions on the Rhine revolt after the death of Augustus; Germanicus and Drusus put down the revolt.
19 Julius Caesar Germanicus (33), Roman commandant of the Rhine legions and the best loved of Roman princes, died of poisoning. On his deathbed he accused Piso
, the governor of Syria
, of poisoning him.
41 An attack across the Rhine by the Germans
is stopped by the Romans.
73 Vespasian
begins conquest of territory east of the upper Rhine and south of the Main. In addition he reoganizes the defenses of the upper and lower Danube
.
84 The construction of the Limes, a line of Roman fortifications from the Rhine to the Danube
begun
256 The Franks
cross the Rhine, the Alamanni
reach Milan.
274 Germanic Peoples take advantage of the destroyed Roman armies of the Rhine. They pillage and depopulate large areas of Gaul
, including Paris
. The Rhine border is lost for 20 years. Franks
live in the area of present southern Netherlands
, northern Belgium
and Rhineland from now on.
277 Probus reorganises the defenses on the Rhine.
280 The commander of the Roman fleet on the Rhine, Bonosus, is proclaimed emperor. Beaten by Probus' troops, Bonosos is hung.
293 Constantius Chlorus
restores the northern Rhine border after defeating the Franks
. Franks keep living in the north, because the Roman population had fled.
298 Constantius Chlorus
defeats the Alamanni
in the territory of the Lingones (Langres) and strengthenes the border along the Rhine.
306 The Franks
cross the Rhine, but are repulsed by Constantine I.
308 Under Constantine I, the Romans defeat the Germans along the Rhine.
309 Construction of a stone bridge across the Rhine near Cologne
is completed.
352 The Alamanni
and the Franks
defeat the Roman army, taking control of 40 towns between the Moselle and the Rhine.
354 The Alemanni cross the upper Rhine and invade the lands of the Helvetians.
366 Alamanni
cross frozen Rhine in large numbers, invading the Roman Empire.
368 Valentinian I
, based in Trier
, defeats the Alemanni along the border at the Rhine.
371 The Roman poet Ausonius
writes of a voyage on the Rhine and the Moselle in his work .
396 The Romans enlist the Franks
and the Alemanni to defend the Rhine border.
406 Vandals
, Alans
and Suebians cross the Rhine, beginning an invasion of Gallia.
420 Pharamond leads the Franks
across the Rhine.
689 Battle of Dorestad
: The Frisians
of king Radbod
are defeated by the Frankish
mayor of the palace, Pippin of Herstal
. The Rhine delta becomes Frankish.
730 Charles Martel
defeats the last independent dukedom of the Alamanni
and launches raids on the Saxons
beyond the Rhine.
1140 Henry Jasomirgott was made count palatine of the Rhine.
1672 French
forces under king Louis XIV
cross the Rhine to Netherlands
1702 Queen Anne's Captain-General John Churchill
forces the surrender of Kaiserswerth on the Rhine
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Timeline
