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79 Gnaeus Julius Agricola
enters Scotland but is resisted by the Caledonians.
122 Hadrian gives up the territories conquered in Scotland.
142 Construction of the Antonine Wall
began in Scotland.
164 The Antonine Wall
in Scotland is abandoned by the Romans.
210 Having suffered heavy losses since invading Scotland in 208, the Romans make peace with the Scots.
304 Fincormachus becomes king of Scotland.
565 St. Columba reported seeing a monster in Loch Ness, Scotland.
600 Irish
missionaries
preach in Scotland and Germany
.
717 The Pictish
king Nechtan son of Derile expels the monks from the Scottish
island of Iona
806 Vikings slaughter all inhabitants on the religious island of Iona
, Scotland, UK
.
838 Stone of Destiny placed at Scone Palace, Scotland.
843 Kenneth I of Scotland, King of the Scots, also becomes King of the Picts, thus becoming the first monarch of the new, united state
, the Kingdom of Scotland. The resulting unified Scottish/Pictish Kingdom is called Alba (the Scottish gaelic word for Scotland). Beginning of the rule of the Alpin dynasty of Scottish kings.
858 Donald I succeeds the throne of Scotland.
863 Constantine I
succeeds as king of Scotland. (or 862)
889 Donald II succeeds Eochaid I as king of Scotland.
962 Death of Indulf, King of the Scots
and Picts
; succeeded by Dubh.
995 Constantine III king of Scotland.
1005 Malcolm II succeeds Cináed III as king of Scotland.
1072 William I of England
invades Scotland, and also receives the submission of Hereward the Wake.
1094 Duncan III of Scotland succeeds Duncan II of Scotland as King of Scotland
1097 Edgar
deposes Donald III and Edmund to become king of Scotland.
1124 David I
kills Alexander I
to become King of Scotland.
1126 Rutherglen becomes one of the first Royal Burghs in Scotland.
1128 Holyrood Abbey founded in Edinburgh
by David I
, King of Scotland.
1138 Battle of the Standard between David I of Scotland
and the English
. The Scots
were defeated.
1140 The town of Lanark in Scotland was made a Royal Burgh by David I of Scotland
.
1165 William I
becomes King of Scotland.
1174 William I of Scotland
is captured by Henry II of England, and Henry occupies Scotland.
1197 The town of Arbroath, Angus, Scotland is consecrated, and dedicated to St Thomas Becket.
1260 Construction on the Dunkeld Cathedral begins in Perthshire, Scotland.
1265 The Isle of Man
comes under Scottish
rule.
1266 The war between Scotland and Norway
ends as King Alexander III of Scotland
and King Magnus VI of Norway
agree to the Treaty of Perth, which cedes the Western Isles and Isle of Man
to Scotland in exchange for a large monetary payment.
1269 The construction of Blair Castle in Scotland is begun by John Comyn.
1275 Scottish
forces defeat the Manx of the Isle of Man
in a decisive battle, firmly establishing Scottish rule of the island.
1286 King Alexander III of Scotland
dies in a horse accident with only Queen Yolande de Dreux's unborn child and the 3-year-old Margaret, Maid of Norway as heirs; this sets the stage for the First war of Scottish Independence
and increased influence of England
over Scotland.
1291 Scottish
nobles recognize the authority of King Edward I of England
in mediating resolution of the succession crisis created by the death of King Alexander III of Scotland
five years prior.
1292 (Julian calendar
) John Balliol is selected as King of Scotland from among 13 candidates by King Edward I of England
; Edward then treats John as a puppet ruler
and Scotland as a vassal state, eventually leading to the Wars of Scottish Independence
commencing in 1296.
1294 John Balliol, King of Scotland, decides to refuse King Edward I of England
's demands for support in a planned invasion of France
, and instead informs the French of Edward's plans and negotiates the Auld Alliance with France and Norway
. These actions play a part in precipitating the Scottish Wars of Independence, to begin in 1296.
1296 Edward I
stormed Berwick-upon-Tweed
, sacking the then Scottish
border town with much bloodshed. He slaughtered almost everyone who resided there, even if they fled to the churches.
1296 Battle of Dunbar: The Scots
are defeated by Edward I of England
.
1303 Edward I of England
reconquers Scotland (see also: William Wallace
, Wars of Scottish Independence
)
1306 Robert the Bruce
becomes King of Scotland
1314 Battle of Bannockburn. Scottish
forces led by Robert the Bruce beat Edward II of England
. Scotland regains its independen
1318 April 1: Berwick-upon-Tweed
is captured by the Scottish
from the English
.
1320 The Scots
reaffirm their independence by signing the Declaration of Arbroath.
1328 Treaty of Edinburgh-Northampton - England
recognises Scotland as an independent nation after the Wars of Scottish Independence
.
1346 Battle of Crécy, after which Edward the Black Prince honoured the bravery of John I, Count of Luxemburg and King of Bohemia
(also known as John the Blind), who was killed in the fighting, by adopting his arms and motto: "Ich Dien" or "I Serve"
In addition to the victory at Crécy, the English
armies have an annus mirabilis, with further victories over the French
at Caen
and near Calais
, over Scotland at the Battle of Neville's Cross and the Bretons at the Battle of St Pol de Leon during the Hundred Years' War
.
1355 A small Scottish
and French
force invade Northumberland
, loot the city of Berwick-upon-Tweed
and defeat a small English
force in a skirmish at Nisbet, Berwickshire.
1356 Edward Balliol surrenders title as King of Scotland to Edward III of England
1427 Conflict of Druimnacour in Sutherland, Scotland.
1472 Orkney and Shetland are returned by Norway
to Scotland, due to a defaulted dowry payment
1488 James IV
succeeds his father James III
as King of Scotland.
1503 The Treaty of Everlasting Peace between Scotland and England
is signed, which would actually last 10 years.
1503 King James IV of Scotland
marries Margaret Tudor
, daughter of King Henry VII of England
at Holyrood Abbey, Edinburgh
, Scotland.
1542 Battle of Solway Moss. An English army invades Scotland and defeats a scottish army.
1554 Mary of Guise
becomes Regent
of Scotland.
1556 Scottish
nobles kill David Rizzio
, the secretary to Mary I of Scotland
in the queen's presence
1559 Beginning of the Reformation in Scotland.
1560 The Treaty
of Berwick, which would expel the French
from Scotland, is signed by England
and the Congregation of Scotland
1560 The Treaty
of Berwick, which would expel the French
from Scotland, is signed by England
and the Congregation of Scotland
1561 Mary, Queen of Scots
is denied passage through England after returning from France
. She arrives at Leith, Scotland on August 19.
1562 In Scotland, the rebellion of George Gordon, Earl of Huntly is crushed by James Stewart, Earl of Moray at Corrichie.
1568 Battle of Langside: the forces of Mary Queen of Scots
are defeated by a confederacy of Scottish
Protestants under James Stewart, Earl of Moray, her half-brother.
1570 The assassination
of regent James Stewart, Earl of Moray throws Scotland into civil war
.
1583 King James VI of Scotland signs a charter creating the Tounis College - what is now the University of Edinburgh. For some unknown reason, the charter was dated a year earlier, as 1582.
1600 Scotland adopts January 1st as being New Year's Day
1620 Witch hunts begin in Scotland.
1625 Prince Charles Stuart becomes King Charles I of England
, Scotland and Ireland
.
1639 Charles I
starts the first of the Bishops Wars against Scotland.
1640 The Treaty of Ripon is signed, restoring peace between Scotland and Charles I of England
.
1644 Battle of Tippermuir, Montrose
defeats Elcho's Covenanters, reviving Royalist cause in Scotland
1649 King Charles I of England
, Scotland and Ireland
is beheaded. His widow Henrietta Maria resides in her native France
.
1649 The Commonwealth of England
, a republican form of government, replaces the monarchy as the form of government of England
and later of Scotland and Ireland
. Members of the Long Parliament
serve as government.
1649 Prince Charles Stuart declares himself King Charles II of England
, Scotland and Ireland
. At the time all three Kingdoms had not recognized him as ruler.
1649 In Edinburgh
, Scotland claimant King Charles II of England
is declared King in his absen Scotland is the first of the three Kingdoms to recognize his claim to the throne.
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Timeline
