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740 BC Tiglath-Pileser III conquers the city of Arpad in Syria after two years of siege.
605 BC Battle of Carchemish: Crown Prince
Nebuchadrezzar of Babylon
defeats the army of Necho II
of Egypt
, securing the Babylonian conquest of Assyria
. The Babylonians pursue through Syria and Palestine
.
19 Julius Caesar Germanicus (33), Roman commandant of the Rhine
legions and the best loved of Roman princes, died of poisoning. On his deathbed he accused Piso
, the governor of Syria, of poisoning him.
19 Agrippina the Elder
accuses Gnaeus Calpurnius Piso, governor of Syria, of having assassinated her husband Germanicus
in Antioch
. Piso
commits suicide in Rome
39 Caligula
orders that a statue of himself be placed in the temple in Jerusalem
. The governor of Syria, Publius Petronius, who is responsible for erecting the statue, faces mass demonstrations by Jews of the region and manages to delay construction of the statue until the death of Caligula (January 24 41).
64 Phoenicia
becomes part of Syria.
71 Reign of Rabel II, king of Nabataea. He makes Bostra, Syria, his second capital.
89 Publication in Syria or Phoenicia
of the Gospel of Matthew
by a converted Jewish scholar.
115 An earthquake destroys Apamea and Antioch
in Syria.
129 Hadrian
continues his voyages, now inspecting Caria, Sicily
, Cappadocia
and Syria.
148 Writing of the Gospel of Peter in Syria.
162 Lucius Verus
begins a war with the Parthia
ns, due to the invasion of Syria and Armenia
by Vologases III of Parthia
.
164 The governor of Syria, Avidius Cassius
, one of Lucius Verus
' generals, crosses the Euphrates
and invades Parthia
n territory.
173 Given control of the East of the empire, Avidius Cassius
, the governor of Syria, crushes an insurrection of shepherds known as the boukoloi.
175 Marcus Aurelius
suppresses a revolt of the legate Avidus Cassius in Syria after Cassius proclaimed himself to be Emperor.
195 The province
of Syria is divided and the rôle of Antioch
is diminished.
200 Septimus Severus visits Syria, Palestine
and Arabia.
260 Syria, Egypt
and Palestine break off from the Roman Empire
to form the Persian-supported Palmyran Empire.
272 Emperor Aurelian
reconquers the kingdom of Palmyra, composed of Syria, Egypt
and large parts of Asia Minor, forcing queen Zenobia
to flee to Parthia
.
445 Domnus II, Patriarch of Antioch
, summons a synod
of Syrian bishops to confirm the deposition of Athanasius of Perrha.
506 Dara
in Syria is fortified by emperor Anastasius I as a frontier against Persia.
512 Earliest known dated text in the Arabic alphabet, at Zebed in Syria.
526 Earthquake kills approximately 300,000 in Syria and Antioch
.
636 Battle of Yarmuk - Byzantine Empire
loses Syria to the Arab
s.
717 An earthquake
shakes many places in northern Syria, and destroys the Old Church of Edessa
.
757 A major earthquake
strikes Palestine and Syria
974 The Byzantine Empire
retakes Syria including Aleppo
from the Abbasid
s.
1099 Crusaders
set fire to Mara, Syria.
1154 Nur ad-Din
gains control of Damascus
, uniting Syria under one ruler.
1188 Saladin
unsuccessfully besieges the Hospitaller
fortress of Krak des Chevaliers in modern Syria.
1193 Saladin
dies, and the lands of the Kurdish Ayyubid dynasty of Egypt
and Syria are split among his descendants.
1201 Major earthquake
kills 1.1 million people in upper Egypt and Syria.
1254 King Louis IX of France
, having exhausted his funds and being needed at home, abandons the Seventh Crusade
(which he had conducted first in Egypt
and then Syria) and returns to France
.
1271 Mamluk
sultan Baibars
continues his territorial expansion, capturing the strategically important castle Krak des Chevaliers from the Knights Hospitaller
in present-day Syria.
1280 Syria attempts to secede from the Mamluk
sultanate of Egypt
, but Qalawun
defeats the rebels and keeps Syria within the Egyptian sultanate.
1281 Mamluk
sultan Qalawun
defeats an invasion of Syria by Mongol
Ilkhan
Abaqa Khan
at the 2nd Battle of Homs.
1285 Mamluk
sultan Qalawun
begins a siege of the Crusader fortress of Margat (in present-day Syria), a major stronghold of the Knights Hospitaller
thought to be impregnable; he captures the fortress a month later.
1287 Mamluk
sultan Qalawun
captures the port city of Latakia
in present-day Syria.
1861 Lebanon
separated from Syrian administration and reunited under Ottoman
governor with the approval of European powers
1920 United Kingdom
and France
ratify the border between French-held Syria and British-held Palestine.
1924 Group of Alawites kill some Christian nuns in Syria - French troops march against them.
1938 Republic of Hatay declared in Syria
1941 World War II: Allies
invade Syria and Lebanon
.
1945 British take over Lebanon
and Syria
1946 Syria's
independence from France
is officially recognised
1948 1948 Arab-Israeli War: Egypt
, Transjordan
, Lebanon
, Syria, Iraq
and Saudi Arabia
attack Israel
.
1949 Military coup in Syria ousts the president
1958 Egypt
and Syria unite to form the United Arab Republic
1961 A military coup in Damascus
, Syria effectively ends the United Arab Republic
, the union between Egypt
and Syria.
1961 A military coup in Damascus
, Syria effectively ends the United Arab Republic
, the union between Egypt
and Syria.
1966 A military coup in Syria replaces the previous government with a Ba'athist regime.
1966 The Ba'ath Party takes power in Syria.
1966 Israel
i and Syrian jet fighters clash over the Jordan River.
1966 Syrian and Israel
i troops clash over Lake Genesaret for three hours.
1966 Syria offers weapons to rebels in Jordan
.
1967 Syria mobilizes against Israel
.
1967 Israel
and Syria agree to observe a United Nations
-mediated cease-fire.
1970 Syrian armored forces cross the Jordanian border.
1970 Hafez al-Assad
comes to power in Syria, following a military coup.
1970 Syrian Prime Minister Hafez al-Assad
forms a new government but retains the post of defense minister.
1971 August 12 – Syria severs diplomatic relations with Jordan
because of border clashes.
1971 Hafez al-Assad
becomes president of Syria.
1971 Libya
, Syria and Egypt
sign an agreement to form a confederation.
1976 Hundreds of Western tourists are moved from Beirut
and taken to safety in Syria by the U.S. military, following the murder of the U.S. ambassador
.
1980 A | 
Timeline
