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378 August 9: Battle of Adrianople: A large Roman army led by Emperor Valens
is defeated by the Visigoths in present-day Turkey. Valens is killed along with two-thirds of his army.
459 What is possibly the world's first recognizable labor union
is formed in modern Turkey
715 Major earthquake hits Turkey
832 Heraclea-Cybistra, Turkey is sacked by Arab
s.
1077 Süleyman I of Rüm becomes the leader of the Sultanate of Rüm in modern Turkey.
1077 Anush Tigin Gharchai becomes leader of the Khwarezmid Empire in modern Turkey.
1273 Followers of the recently deceased Jalal al-Din Muhammad Rumi establish the Sufi order of the Whirling Dervishes in the city of Konya (in present-day Turkey).
1292 The Turkish
emirate of Candaroglu is founded in the Kastamonu Province.
1392 Afyonkarahisar in western Turkey is conquered by Sultan Beyazid I
1492 Sultan Bayazid II of the Ottoman Empire
, learning about the expulsion of Jews from Spain
, dispatched the Ottoman Navy to bring the Jews safely to Ottoman lands, mainly to the cities of Selanik (currently in Greece
) and Izmir
(currently in Turkey).
1504 Moldavia
, Stephen III the Great fights against Turkey and Poland
.
1517 Battle of Ridanieh: The Turkish
forces of Selim I
defeat the main Mamluk
army in Egypt
under Touman Bey.
1528 Montenegro
gains autonomy under Turk
power.
1560 The first tulip bulb was brought from Turkey to the Netherlands
.
1565 The Knights of Malta lift the Turkish
Siege of Malta (siege started on May 18).
1695 Russia
declares war on Turkey
1784 the Turks
agree to Russia's
annexation of the Crimea
in the Treaty of Constantinople
1853 Crimean War
: Battle of Sinop - The Russia
n fleet destroys the Turkish
fleet.
1876 Serbia
declares war
on Turkey.
1876 Montenegro
declares war on Turkey.
1878 Greece
declares war on Turkey.
1903 Turkey and Germany
signs an agreement to build the Constantinople-Baghdad Railway
1911 After declaring war on Turkey on September 29, 1911, Italy
annexes Tripoli and Cyrenaica (this act was confirmed by an act of the Italian Parliament on February 25, 1912).
1912 Italian
forces are the first to use airship
s for a military purpose by using them for reconnaissance west of Tripoli
behind Turkish
lines.
1912 First Balkan War begins: Montenegro
declares war against Turkey.
1912 Bulgaria
n pilots Radul Minkov and Prodan Toprakchiev perform the first bombing with an airplane in history at the railway station of Karaagac near Edirne
against Turkey.
1912 First Balkan War ends temporarily - Bulgaria
, Greece
, Montenegro
, and Serbia
(the Balkan League) sign an armistice with Turkey, ending the two-month long war.
1914 Secret treaty between Turkey and Germany
to secure Turkish neutrality
1914 Britain
and France
declare war
on Turkey.
1915 The Anzac tradition begins during World War I
with a landing at Gallipoli
on the Turkish
coast.
1916 World War I
: Battle of Magdhaba - In the Sinai
desert, Australia
n and New Zealand
mounted troops capture the Turkish
garrison.
1919 December 5 Turkish
ministry of war releases Greeks
, Armenian
s and Jew
s from military service
1919 Mustafa Kemal Atatürk lands on Samsun on the Turkish
Black Sea
Coast to start the Turkish War of Independence.
1920 Kurd rebellion in Turkey begins.
1920 Turkey gives up the Ottoman Empire
and all non-Turkish areas.
1920 National council in Turkey denounces the government of sultan
Mehmed VI
and announces a temporary constitution.
1920 Greece
attacks Turkish
troops.
1923 The Treaty of Lausanne, settling the boundaries of modern Turkey, is signed in Switzerland
by Greece
, Bulgaria
and other countries that fought in the First World War
1923 Ankara
replaces Constantinople
as the capital of Turkey.
1923 Turkey becomes a republic
following the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire
1924 The 1400-year-old Islamic caliph
ate is abolished when Caliph
Abdul Mejid II of the Ottoman Empire
is deposed. The last remnant of the old regime gives way to the reformed Turkey of President Kemal Atatürk.
1926 Turkey switches to the Gregorian calendar
after reforms set by Kamal Ataturk
1926 Turkey converted to Gregorian calendar
making 'tomorrow' January 1 1927
1928 Turkey switches from the Arabic to the Latin
-based modern Turkish alphabet.
1930 Turkish
troops move into Persia
to fight Kurdish insurgents
1931 Kemal Atatürk re-elected president of Turkey
1934 Female suffrage in Turkey
1939 Turkey annexes Hatay
]]
1939 Earthquake in Eastern Anatolia
, Turkey, destroys the town of Erzincan - about 30,000 dead.
1944 Turkey ends diplomatic and economic relations with Germany
.
1947 Cold War
: In an effort to fight the spread of Communism
, President Harry S. Truman
signs an act implementing the Truman Doctrine. The act granted $400 million in military and economic aid to Turkey and Greece
.
1950 Turkey: The Adhan in Arabic
is legalized
1951 NATO
accepts Greece
and Turkey as members
1953 An earthquake
hits western Turkey killing 250.
1956 Middle East Technical University founded in Ankara
, Turkey.
1960 May 27 In Turkey, a bloodless military coup d'état
removes President Celal Bayar and installs General Cemal Gürsel as the head of state.
1961 The new military government of Turkey sentences 15 members of the previous government to death.
1961 Military rulers in Turkey publicly hang former president Adnan Menderes.
1964 Greece
rejects direct talks with Turkey over Cyprus
.
1966 Turkey and Greece
intend to start negotiations about the situation in Cyprus
.
1966 An earthquake
occurs in Turkey - 2,394 dead, 10,000 injured.
1966 An earthquake
in eastern Turkey destroys whole cities.
1971 April 26 The government of Turkey declares a state of siege in 11 provinces, Ankara
included, because of violent demonstrations.
1971 May 12 An earthquake
in Turkey destroys most of the city of Burdur.
1972 An earthquake
lasting 20 seconds destroys most of Bingol, Turkey - more than 1000 are killed, 10,000 made homeless
1972 The Black September group hijacks a Lufthansa
Boeing 727
over Turkey, and demands the release of three of their comrades still held for the massacre of Israel
i athletes at the Olympic games
.
1974 The Turkish occupation of Cyprus: Forces from Turkey invade Cyprus
after the coup d'etat
by EOKA B.
1980 Former Turkish Prime Minister Nihat Erim is killed by two gunmen in Istanbul, Turkey.
1980 Kenan Evren stages a military coup in Turkey. It stops political gang violence, but begins stronger state violence which leads to the execution of many young activists.
1981 Pope John Paul II
is shot at and nearly killed by Mehmet Ali Agca
, a Turkish
gunman, as he entered St. Peter's Square in Rome
to address a general audience (Two days after Christmas
in 1983, Pope John Paul goes to the prison to meet and forgive his would-be assassin).
1984 The official name of the Turkish
city Urfa is changed into Sanliurfa.
1991 Iraq
i forces suppress rebellions in the southern and northern parts of the country, creating a humanitarian disaster on the borders of Turkey and Iran | 
Timeline
